Maximize Travel Savings with Capital One Cards
Intro
When it comes to international travel, the financial implications can quickly pile up like dirty laundry after a long trip. One of the biggest culprits? Foreign transaction fees. Many credit cards hit you with these pesky charges, often around 3% on each transaction made abroad. However, Capital One stands out in this regard, boasting several credit cards that offer a no foreign transaction fee perk. This article isn't just about what these cards are; it's aimed at helping young professionals, students, and small business owners navigate their options wisely.
By the end of this guide, youāll gain a deeper understanding of why avoiding foreign transaction fees is important, how it can lead to significant savings, and useful strategies for choosing the card that aligns with your travel habits and financial practices.
Understanding Financial Concepts
Navigating the world of credit cards can feel like walking a tightrope without a safety net. Understanding a few key financial concepts can prevent you from falling into costly traps.
Definition of Key Terms
- Foreign Transaction Fees: These are additional charges levied by credit card issuers when you make purchases in a foreign currency or through a foreign bank. If your credit card company slips in a fee percentage, it can easily eat into your travel budget.
- Annual Percentage Rate (APR): This is an interest rate charged for borrowing on credit cards, which can impact your affordability if you're not paying in full every month.
- Rewards Program: Some credit cards offer points, miles, or cash back on purchases, which can be especially beneficial during travels.
Importance of Financial Literacy
In todayās fast-paced world, being financially literate isn't just nice to have; it's a must. Understanding your financial options can empower you to make informed decisions that align with your life goals. A well-informed traveler knows that every dollar saved on transaction fees can be redirected toward once-in-a-lifetime experiences. It could mean an extra night in a fancy hotel or a delightful local dining experience.
"Understanding the terms behind your credit card can turn a simple transaction into a stepping stone toward financial wisdom."
Practical Tips and Strategies
Finding the right Capital One credit card comes down to more than just the absence of foreign transaction fees. You want to align your choice with your spending habits and future travel plans. Here are some practical tips:
Budgeting Techniques
- Track Your Spending: Use budgeting apps to analyze your debit and credit habits. The clearer you see your financial picture, the easier it is to make informed decisions about credit card usage while traveling.
- Set Travel Goals: Whether it's saving for a dream trip to Europe or a quick visit to the Caribbean, setting specific goals can help you budget wisely. Find a card that aligns with those travel plans and offers rewards for your purchases.
Investment Approaches
While navigating credit cards, consider investing in financial knowledge as well. Knowledge is an investment that yields returns over time. Hereās how:
- Compare Different Offers: Take your time to research Capital One offerings against others. Check forums on Reddit or reviews on Facebook to get a sense of what current users think.
- Read the Fine Print: Many credit cards come with promotional offers that look attractive at first. Always read the terms carefully to ensure you're aware of any hidden fees.
Armed with these insights, you can not only choose the right Capital One credit card with no foreign transaction fees, but you can also confidently enjoy your travels without the nagging worry about extra charges on your statements.
Understanding Foreign Transaction Fees
Understanding foreign transaction fees is essential for anyone who's got the travel bug or does business internationally. These fees can add up faster than you think and can make your adventures abroad costlier than planned. Just imagine swiping your card to buy a paella in Spain, and finding out that an extra 3% is tacked onto your bill. Thatās money you could have spent on dessert! Hence, being well-informed about these fees simplifies your budgeting and allows for a more enjoyable experience while traveling or shopping online from overseas.
Definition of Foreign Transaction Fees
Foreign transaction fees are charges imposed by credit card issuers when you make purchases in a currency different from your card's base currency. Generally, this means if you're in a country that doesn't use dollars, your card's issuer might hit you with a fee just for using the card. It usually ranges between 1% and 3% of the transaction amount. Itās a way for credit card companies to offset the costs incurred while processing international transactions which often involves conversion fees and currency exchanges.
But itās worth noting that not all cards do thisāenter Capital One with their impressive line of credit cards that lap these fees right off your wallet! Their no foreign transaction fee cards are a lifesaver when roaming overseas.
How These Fees Are Calculated
Calculating foreign transaction fees isnāt rocket science, but it does involve some basic arithmetic. Hereās how it generally works:
- Transaction Amount: This is the total you are charged in the foreign currency.
- Currency Conversion: When that amount gets converted into U.S. dollars (or your base currency), a currency exchange rate applies.
- Fee Percentage: Finally, the fee comes into play. For instance, if the currency conversion leads to a final bill of $100 and your card charges a 3% fee, that will end up costing you an additional $3.
Considering that sometimes the best experiences come with small tagsālike local dinners or unique souvenirsāthese fees can add to your expenses without you realizing it until itās too late.
Reasons For Imposing Foreign Transaction Fees
There are a few reasons why credit card companies slap on foreign transaction fees:
- Processing Costs: Handling international transactions typically involves extra costs, such as dealing with different currencies or payment networks.
- Risk Management: Thereās a potential risk with international transactions fraud-wise; hence, these fees can help cover those risks.
- Profit Margins: Letās face it; theyāre in it for the money. Fees contribute to the bottom line for credit card companies, and they wonāt shy away from that either.
In summary, understanding foreign transaction fees is pivotal for savvy travelers and consumers. It helps you see the bigger picture when making purchases abroad, leading to better financial planning and avoiding any nasty surprises that can diminish your travel experience.
The Advantages of No Foreign Transaction Fees
The topic of foreign transaction fees often doesnāt get much attention, yet itās a pressing concern for many travelers. Understanding the advantages of no foreign transaction fees opens up a new world of financial freedom, especially for frequent travelers or even those making occasional trips abroad. When shopping around for credit cards, discerning these benefits can significantly impact financial planning and overall travel experiences.
Financial Benefits While Traveling
With no foreign transaction fees, each purchase made overseas becomes less stressful from a financial standpoint. Imagine you are in the bustling markets of Istanbul, haggling over beautiful hand-woven rugs. If your credit card charges a 3% fee for every purchase made outside the United States, that can add up quickly.
To give you a clearer picture:
- $100 purchase = $103 charge with a fee;
- $500 dinner = $515 after fees;
- $1,000 hotel stay = $1,030 total cost.
By avoiding these fees altogether, you save tangible money for memorable experiences. Additionally, it enables you to use your card freely without worrying about accruing extra costs for every transaction. This kind of financial oasis means you can enjoy a more seamless travel experience.
Enhanced Financial Planning
Traveling also means budgeting, and understanding what youāll be spending is key. The moment you eliminate foreign transaction fees, budgeting becomes more transparent. You won't need to combine your potential fees into your total costs. For the diligent planner, this clarity allows for better allocation of funds, enabling travelers to put more money toward experiences rather than hidden costs.
For instance, if planning a European vacation, one could:
- Set a daily budget.
- Factor in expenses without worrying about transaction fees.
- Allocate funds towards activities like dining out or excursions without surprises.
Being able to rely on your budgeting practices without additional hurdle of fees leads to a more enjoyable trip.
Psychological Comfort in Spending
Letās get real hereātraveling can sometimes come with a heavy emotional load. Worrying about how much a coffee might cost in euros or how a dinner could inflate with mysterious fees can lead to stress. Thankfully, having a card that offers no foreign transaction fees provides relief.
When you know you're not going to face these pesky costs, you can focus on what's important. Itās the joy in choosing that exotic dish or deciding to go for that captivating guided tour.
"No fees? The world feels like my oyster!"
This comfort encourages spontaneous momentsāyou might splurge a bit more often, but it will be on experiences that create lasting memories.
In summary, utilizing Capital One cards with no foreign transaction fees not only benefits your wallet but enhances how you plan and feel about spending while abroad. It transforms money managementāand travelāinto something far less stressful and far more delightful.
Overview of Capital One Credit Cards
Understanding the landscape of Capital One credit cards is essential for anyone looking to make educated financial choices, especially when it comes to travel. These cards are not just about convenience; they open a world of opportunity for young professionals, students, and small business owners. They are designed to cater to varied needs, whether you're navigating through the city streets of Rome or conducting business in Tokyo.
When we talk about Capital One, much of the buzz relates to their enticing features, particularly the absence of foreign transaction fees. This aspect allows cardholders to save money and spend freely when abroad. Saving that few percentage points might seem minor, but for frequent travelers, it can translate to substantial savings over time.
It's also crucial to consider the range of card options available. Each Capital One credit card brings something unique to the table, meaning thereās likely a perfect fit for different spending styles and preferences. Knowing your choices can steer you toward making informed decisions that align with your financial goalsābe it cashback, travel rewards, or low-interest rates.
Popular Capital One Credit Card Options
Among the array of cards offered by Capital One, a handful stand out for their compelling features and user satisfaction. Below are a few notable choices:
- Capital One Venture Rewards Credit Card: Tailored for travelers, this card offers unlimited double miles on every purchase, making it easy to earn rewards that can be redeemed for travel.
- Capital One QuicksilverOne Cash Rewards Credit Card: This card appeals to those who prefer straightforward cash-back options, offering 1.5% cash back on every purchase with a forgiving credit requirement.
- Capital One SavorOne Cash Rewards Credit Card: Perfect for foodies, this card provides big rewards on dining and entertainment, plus no annual fee.
Choosing the right card can make a world of difference in how you manage and benefit from your spending.
Card Features and Benefits
Delving into the card features gives potential users a clearer picture of what to expect. Hereās what sets Capital One cards apart:
- No Foreign Transaction Fees: As discussed, this is a game-changer for travelers. It means that a purchase in Paris won't come with unexpected surchargesāwhat you see is what you spend.
- Flexible Redemption Options: Points can often be redeemed in various ways, be it for travel, gift cards, or even statement credits, providing cardholders with the flexibility they seek.
- Robust Fraud Protection: With features like $0 fraud liability, users can rest easy knowing they aren āt on the hook for unauthorized charges.
These benefits contribute significantly to the overall value of holding a Capital One credit card.
Rewards Programs Associated with Capital One Cards
Capital Oneās rewards programs are designed with travel enthusiasts in mind. Earning miles can be straightforward and quite rewarding:
- Miles for Travel: Cards like the Venture Rewards card allow users to accumulate miles that can be spent on flights, hotels, and more.
- Cash Back Programs: For those who prefer cash rewards, the Quicksilver line offers a simple, no-fuss approach to earning cash back on everyday purchases.
- Bonus Offers: Many cards provide substantial bonus miles or cash back if certain spending thresholds are met in the first few months.
Understanding these programs arm consumers with the knowledge to make the most informed decisions based on their spending habits and travel aspirations.
Comparative Analysis with Other Credit Cards
When considering a credit card, especially for travel, doing a comparative analysis is crucial. Not all cards are created equal, and evaluating their features, fees, and benefits can save you significant amounts of money and enhance your spending experience abroad. This section explores how Capital One credit cards stack up against others, particularly focusing on fees associated with foreign transactions, premium options, and the unique features that each card brings to the table.
Comparison with Cards That Charge Foreign Transaction Fees
Many credit cards impose foreign transaction fees, which can range anywhere from 1% to 3% for each purchase made outside of the U.S. This can quickly add up, especially for a traveler who frequently uses their card overseas. For instance, if a person spends $2,000 abroad, a 3% transaction fee could cost them a cool $60.
In contrast, Capital One's offerings, like the Capital One Venture Rewards Credit Card, do not carry these extra fees. This can be a game-changer for individuals who are always on the go.
- Practical Savings: Not having to worry about these fees allows for easier budgeting and planning while abroad.
- Comparative Examples: Cards such as the Chase Sapphire Preferred and Discover it Miles charge transaction fees, making them less attractive for international use.
- Long-Term Impact: By opting for a card with no foreign transaction fee, you often see savings over time, particularly if travel is part of your lifestyle.
Evaluating Premium Credit Cards
Premium credit cards often come with annual fees that might seem daunting but can provide value in return. When assessing Capital One cards against premium offerings from other issuers, itās essential to weigh the benefits against the costs.
For example, the American Express Platinum card charges a hefty annual fee but provides extensive travel benefits, including airport lounge access, travel insurance, and concierge services. However, what if you could get similar benefits without paying an excessive annual fee?
- Capital One's Premium Offerings: Cards like the Capital One Venture X Rewards Credit Card offer perks such as travel accident insurance and no foreign transaction fees, all at a competitive price point, making them appealing.
- Reward Systems: While some premium cards focus on points systems, Capital One often combines cash back with travel rewards, offering flexibility in usage.
- Evaluate your Needs: Think about what you value most. If lounge access isnāt a priority, a Capital One card can provide you with rewards and savings suitable for a savvy traveler.
Understanding Different Card Features
Each credit card on the market comes equipped with its unique set of features. Understanding what these features are and how they contribute to your overall financial health is important.
For instance, when it comes to redeeming rewards, Capital One makes it quite straightforward with their travel portal and partner programs. They offer options beyond just travel, allowing you to use rewards across a wide spectrum, which is not always the case with other credit card companies.
- Core Features to Consider:
- Annual Fees: Some cards have no fee, while others have high annual costs.
- Reward Structure: Understand if you can earn points for everyday purchases or if they are travel-specific.
- Redemption Flexibility: Different systems allow for unique uses of your rewards; Capital One tends to be versatile.
Ultimately, having a clear picture of what features are offered helps in making an informed decision, ensuring that you choose a card that aligns with your spending habits.
In summary, conducting a thorough comparative analysis of Capital One credit cards in relation to others in the market highlights the advantages of avoiding foreign transaction fees, understanding premium vs. standard features, and recognizing how rewards can fit into your financial strategy. Ultimately, the right choice will resonate with your travel habits and spending patterns.
Selecting the Right Capital One Card for Travel
Choosing the right Capital One card for travel can feel like picking a needle in a haystack, especially with so many options available. It's not just about swiping a card; it can significantly impact both your financial health and travel experience. A good travel card can be your best companion, easing the burden of costs while you explore new horizons. This section is a detailed exploration of what to consider when selecting a Capital One travel card, focusing particularly on three essential elements: your spending patterns, travel habits, and the additional features the cards might offer.
Assessing Personal Spending Patterns
Before you jump head-first into selecting a travel card, take a good hard look at your own spending habits. Is the majority of your spending done on groceries, dining out, or perhaps gas? Capital One credit cards can vary greatly in the reward points they offer based on different categories. For instance, if you're someone who eats out often, a card that rewards dining rewards might be worth considering, like the Capital One SavorOne Cash Rewards Credit Card.
To truly maximize what you earn, consider compiling a month of your bank statements. This will give you a clearer picture of where your money goes. Once you understand your patterns, you can choose a card that aligns with your lifestyle. After all, why earn rewards on travel expenses when a card can offer more for your everyday purchases?
Understanding Your Travel Habits
Beyond spending patterns, understanding the nature of your travel habits is crucial in selecting the right card. Are you hopping on a plane every month for work, or are weekend getaways more your style? Capital One offers various cards that cater to frequent travelers, such as travel rewards cards, which can give you points for every dollar spent.
Think about additional elements, like whether you prefer international travel or local excursions. If your adventures led you across oceans often, a no foreign transaction fee card would undoubtedly be beneficial. For example, the Capital One VentureOne Rewards Credit Card is a notable option. It allows you to earn 1.25 miles per dollar on every purchase, plus the advantage of no foreign transaction fees, accommodating those spontaneous international trips.
"Selecting the right card can be the difference between merely traveling and truly experiencing the world."
Evaluating Additional Features Such as Insurance
When choosing a Capital One card for travel, itās essential to look beyond just points and rewards. Various features, including travel insurance, rental car insurance, and purchase protection can be critical when journeying far from home.
Consider what those features mean for your peace of mind while traveling. For instance, having travel accident insurance ensures you're covered in case something goes wrong, something that may matter a lot to you during an overseas trip. The Capital One QuicksilverOne Cash Rewards Credit Card offers various extended warranty protections, which can add layers of security as you travel.
In summary, selecting the right Capital One card for travel is not just a matter of perks but a thoughtful consideration of your financial habits and travel behavior. By evaluating your spending patterns, understanding how you travel, and taking stock of additional features like insurance, you can make a more informed decision that not only maximizes your rewards but also enhances your overall travel experience.
Maximizing Benefits When Traveling
When it comes to international travel, making the right financial choices can significantly affect your experience and budget. Utilizing a credit card from Capital One that has no foreign transaction fees is just the tip of the iceberg. There are various other strategies and tips to ensure you make the most out of your travel experience financially. This section highlights the different ways to maximize those benefits, allowing you to enjoy your journey without wreaking havoc on your wallet.
Using Rewards Wisely
Rewards programs can often seem like a maze. However, understanding how to utilize these rewards can result in substantial savings. Credit cards linked to a reward program often allow cardholders to earn points or miles for every dollar spent. But not all spending is equal. A more strategic approach involves focusing on your spending habits and adjusting them to maximize rewards. For instance:
- Paying bills through your credit card: Sometimes, utility companies will allow bill payments via credit card. This means you can earn points on expenses you regularly incur.
- Dining and entertainment: Many Capital One cards provide higher reward rates when spending at restaurants or on entertainment. So, if you enjoy eating out or catching a movie, this can boost your reward points.
- Travel-related purchases: Booking flights or hotels using your Capital One card can typically result in bonus points. Be sure to check for potential collaborations with airlines or hotels that might accelerate your point accumulation.
Remember, accumulating rewards is only half the battle. Itās equally important to redeem those points wisely. Often, using points for travel can yield better value than utilizing them for cash back or gift cards. Essentially, as the saying goes, "a penny saved is a penny earned," but when it comes to rewards, a point redeemed wisely is worth much more.
Leveraging Partner Networks
Capital One has established a network of partners across various industries that can enhance your travel experience. Often cardholders donāt realize how much value lies in these partnerships. Here are a few to keep on your radar:
- Airlines: Capital One is known for its collaborations with numerous airlines. Consider transferring your accumulated points to frequent flyer programs. This can lead to free flights or upgrades.
- Hotel Chains: Similar to airlines, many hotel chains accept points or collaborate with Capital One for point transfers. This can save you on accommodation, which is often a hefty part of travel expenses.
- Car Rental Services: Some rentals allow you to use rewards toward your booking, which can save you some substantial costs.
By being proactive about harnessing these partnerships, you can turn your points into tangible benefits while you travel. Often overlooked, these opportunities can help in leveling up your travel experience without breaking the bank.
Understanding Currency Conversion Policies
Adding to it all, being knowledgeable about currency conversion policies can further help stretch your dollar. When you make international purchases, you may be offered two choices:
- Dynamic Currency Conversion: This option lets you pay in your home currency at a fixed rate. Sounds tempting? Beware! Rates can be unfavorable.
- Local Currency: If you stick with paying in the local currency, Capital One typically offers favorable exchange rates without charging hefty fees for conversion. Always opt for local currency when given the choice.
Be sure to confirm with your bank about any potential fees associated with foreign ATM withdrawals or purchases, althought with Capital One, the lack of foreign transaction fees alleviates some of the worry. Understanding these differences could save you more than just pennies on the dollar.
Real-World Scenarios
Real-world scenarios provide valuable insights into how theoretical concepts translate into actual experiences. In the context of Capital One credit cards with no foreign transaction fees, understanding these scenarios can illuminate the practical advantages and potential pitfalls of using these cards while traveling internationally. Itās one thing to read about benefits in brochures or online reviews, but quite another to see how they play out in various travel situations.
Case Studies of Frequent Travelers
Consider the story of Andrea, a young professional who travels frequently for both work and pleasure. Over the course of a year, she visited five different countries across Europe and Asia. Andrea realized early on how essential it was to avoid foreign transaction fees. After some research, she opted for the Capital One Venture Rewards Credit Card.
During her travels, Andrea appreciated that every time she made a purchase in a foreign currency, she wasnāt slapped with extra charges. For instance, while booking an Airbnb in Italy, she noticed how the $200 charge was the same as the exchange rate without the pesky added fee that many cards impose. The savings popped up each time she used her card, allowing her to splurge on local experiences instead of on unnecessary bank fees.
This real-life example demonstrates how selecting the right credit card can enhance travel experiences significantly. Savings can accumulate quickly ā a few dollars here and there can add up, allowing travelers to invest more in creating lasting memories abroad.
Experiences Shared by Capital One Cardholders
The social aspect of traveling cannot be overstated. Online platforms, like Reddit and Facebook groups, are filled with anecdotes from Capital One cardholders sharing their experiences. Users often mention feeling at ease when using their Capital One cards internationally. One user described a stressful moment when they realized theyād left home without cash while in Brazil. Luckily, having their Capital One card meant they didnāt have to scramble for a currency exchange or backtrack to a bank. They swiped their card without a hitch, no fees involved.
In another account, a college student recounted their trip to Japan. They were cautious about using their card because they had heard mixed reviews. After using it for meals, shopping, and transportation, they realized the convenience it provided had made navigating through Tokyo much smoother. They stated, "It felt liberating! I didnāt have to count coins and change all the time."
This sentiment resonates with many travelers who enjoy the flexibility that comes with using a credit card that doesnāt impose foreign transaction fees. By reducing the barriers to spending abroad, Capital One cards empower users to immerse themselves in their surroundings without financial anxiety hindering their adventure.
"The best experiences are often those where you donāt worry about the costs ā just enjoy the moment."
Through these case studies and shared experiences, itās clear that Capital One credit cards open doors for seamless international transactions. Their lack of foreign transaction fees can enhance travel, moving money management from the forefront of a travelerās mind to the background, allowing them to focus on the journey itself.
Potential Drawbacks of Capital One Credit Cards
When considering Capital One credit cards with no foreign transaction fees, itās easy to get caught up in the advantages. However, every rose has its thorns. Itās crucial for prospective cardholders to recognize the potential drawbacks that can affect their experience. Understanding these issues is as important as knowing the perks because it assists in making an informed decision, especially for young professionals, students, or small business owners gearing up for international travel.
Assessing Fees Beyond Foreign Transaction Fees
Although the lack of foreign transaction fees is a standout feature, itās vital to examine additional fees that may apply. Capital One cards can impose various other fees, such as cash advance fees or late payment fees. These might not be as alluring as foreign transaction savings, but they can accumulate quickly and lead to surprising costs. Hereās a brief rundown of some common fees:
- Cash Advance Fee: Accessing cash with your card can set you back with hefty fees, often between 3% to 5% of the transaction.
- Late Payment Fee: Missing a payment due date can result in a fee and potentially affect your credit score.
- Foreign Currency Conversion Fee: Though there's no foreign transaction fee, Currency Conversion Fees can vary based on how the transaction is processed.
Being aware of these fees empowers travelers to budget more effectively and sidestep unexpected expenditures.
Interest Rates and Annual Fees
Interest rates and annual fees are additional factors that need careful consideration. While Capital One credit cards can offer substantial value, their interest rates can vary significantly. If a cardholder carries a balance from month to month, the interest can stack up fast. Hereās what you need to grasp:
- APR Variance: Capital Oneās interest rates may not be the lowest on the market. It's essential to know the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) for the card you plan to use. A higher rate can diminish the benefits of rewards earned, particularly for those who might not pay off their bill each month.
- Annual Fees: Certain rewards cards come with an annual fee, which could be notifiable, especially if the cardholder doesnāt maximize the potential benefits. Always weigh whether the perks of the card offset this recurring cost.
Important Insight: If youāre paying an annual fee, ensure that the rewards program and card features will offer potently more than what youāre shelling out.
In piecing together the costs associated with Capital One credit cards, potential cardholders can make a decision that's reflective of both their spending habits and travel lifestyle. Knowing the potential downsides allows for balanced budgeting and creates a more comprehensive view of how these cards can serve your financial journey.
Ending
In the realm of personal finance, understanding the implications of foreign transaction fees can make a significant impact on your travel budget. This article has journeyed through the world of Capital One credit cards, spotlighting their appeal, particularly for those venturing beyond borders. The core idea here is that avoiding foreign transaction fees presents not just savings but a chance to travel smartly.
Summary of Key Points
- Foreign Transaction Fees Explained: These charges, surfacing when transactions happen outside your home country, can chip away at the value of your purchases, often ranging from 1% to 3% of the transaction value. Capital One's cards bypass these fees entirely, allowing cardholders to keep more of their money.
- Financial Benefits of Capital One Cards: Beyond just eliminating fees, these cards foster better financial planning. For young professionals or small business owners traveling internationally, the savings can be channeled into experiences rather than fees.
- Real-World Scenarios and Experiences: The insights shared through case studies highlight how travelers benefited in practical ways. Cardholders reported a more liberating spending atmosphere while traveling, reassuring them that they won't be blindsided by unexpected charges.
- Choosing the Right Capital One Card: Itās crucial to assess personal habits. Whether you frequently travel or occasionally navigate the international waters, selecting the right card tailored to your spending style is key.
Final Thoughts on Capital One Credit Cards
Capital One's no foreign transaction fee cards hold an attractive position in the market. This positioning does not merely stem from their fee structure but hinges on an overall strategy that embraces customer experience. Engaging with their various card features, like competitive reward programs or travel protections, can transform how one perceives international spending.